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【CentOS 7笔记42】，监控网络状态2#
阅读量：6270 次
发布时间：2019-06-22

本文共 11973 字，大约阅读时间需要 39 分钟。

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shallow丿ove

Linux网络相关

  • ifconfig #查看网卡ip（yum install net-tools）
  • ifup ens33/ifdown ens33
  • 设定虚拟网卡ens33:1
  • mii-tool ens33 #查看网卡是否连接
  • ethtool ens33 #查看网卡是否连接
  • 更改主机名hostnamectl set-hostname Linux1
  • DNS配置文件/etc/resolv.conf
  • /etc/hosts文件
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr	1: lo: 
    
      mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 		link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00		inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo		   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever		inet6 ::1/128 scope host 		   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever	2: eno16777736: 
     
       mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000		link/ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff		inet 192.168.9.134/24 brd 192.168.9.255 scope global eno16777736		   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever		inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0a:e7fc/64 scope link 		   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
     
    
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall -y net-tools	Loaded plugins: fastestmirror	Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile	 * epel: mirrors.tongji.edu.cn	Resolving Dependencies	--> Running transaction check	---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7 will be reinstalled	--> Finished Dependency Resolution	Dependencies Resolved	===================================================================================================	 Package              Arch              Version                              Repository       Size	===================================================================================================	Reinstalling:	 net-tools            x86_64            2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7             base            305 k	Transaction Summary	===================================================================================================	Reinstall  1 Package	Total download size: 305 k	Installed size: 917 k	Downloading packages:	net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm                               | 305 kB  00:00:00     	Running transaction check	Running transaction test	Transaction test succeeded	Running transaction	  Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                       1/1 	  Verifying  : net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                       1/1 	Installed:	  net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7                                                      	Complete![root@localhost ~]# ifconfig	eno16777736: flags=4163
    
       mtu 1500			inet 192.168.9.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.9.255			inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0a:e7fc  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
     			ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)			RX packets 99609  bytes 41662012 (39.7 MiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 88315  bytes 21184319 (20.2 MiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0	lo: flags=73
     
        mtu 65536			inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0			inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
      
       			loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)			RX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a	eno16777736: flags=4163
       
          mtu 1500			inet 192.168.9.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.9.255			inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0a:e7fc  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        			ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)			RX packets 99641  bytes 41664576 (39.7 MiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 88331  bytes 21186991 (20.2 MiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0	lo: flags=73
        
           mtu 65536			inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0			inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
         
           loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) RX packets 26 bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 26 bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

在终端中关闭网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifdown eno16777736

在终端关闭网卡时，会发现终端连接异常，并且ifconfig可发现ip异常

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig	eno16777736: flags=4163
    
       mtu 1500			ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)			RX packets 99609  bytes 41662012 (39.7 MiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 88315  bytes 21184319 (20.2 MiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0	lo: flags=73
     
        mtu 65536			inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0			inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
      
       			loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)			RX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在主机中启动网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifup eno16777736	Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/17)[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig	eno16777736: flags=4163
    
       mtu 1500			inet 192.168.9.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.9.255			inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0a:e7fc  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
     			ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)			RX packets 100990  bytes 42069350 (40.1 MiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 88716  bytes 21235310 (20.2 MiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0	lo: flags=73
     
        mtu 65536			inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0			inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
      
       			loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)			RX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

当一台设备或者服务器有多个网卡时，在调试中可以使用ifup 网卡/ifdown 网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifdown eno16777736 && ifup eno16777736	Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/21)

设置虚拟网卡

[root@localhost ~]# cd  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls	ifcfg-eno16777736  ifdown-isdn      ifdown-tunnel  ifup-isdn    ifup-Team	ifcfg-lo           ifdown-post      ifup           ifup-plip    ifup-TeamPort	ifdown             ifdown-ppp       ifup-aliases   ifup-plusb   ifup-tunnel	ifdown-bnep        ifdown-routes    ifup-bnep      ifup-post    ifup-wireless	ifdown-eth         ifdown-sit       ifup-eth       ifup-ppp     init.ipv6-global	ifdown-ippp        ifdown-Team      ifup-ippp      ifup-routes  network-functions	ifdown-ipv6        ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ipv6      ifup-sit     network-functions-ipv6[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-eno16777736\:0[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi !$vi ifcfg-eno16777736\:0	HWADDR=00:0C:29:0A:E7:FC	TYPE=Ethernet	BOOTPROTO=static	DEFROUTE=yes	PEERDNS=yes	PEERROUTES=yes	IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no	IPV6INIT=yes	IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes	IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes	IPV6_PEERDNS=yes	IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes	IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no	NAME=eno16777736:0	UUID=18ff95f5-b055-4ad1-baad-74bd36e18654	DEVICE=eno16777736:0	ONBOOT=yes	IPADDR=192.168.9.139	NETMASK=255.255.255.0	NETMASK=255.255.255.0	GATEWAY=192.168.9.2[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifdown eno16777736 && ifup eno16777736	Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/22)[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig	eno16777736: flags=4163
    
       mtu 1500			inet 192.168.9.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.9.255			inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe0a:e7fc  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
     			ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)			RX packets 106590  bytes 42541671 (40.5 MiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 9  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 91427  bytes 21585449 (20.5 MiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0	eno16777736:0: flags=4163
     
        mtu 1500			inet 192.168.9.139  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.9.255			ether 00:0c:29:0a:e7:fc  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)	lo: flags=73
      
         mtu 65536			inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0			inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
       
        			loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)			RX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0			TX packets 26  bytes 1884 (1.8 KiB)			TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

网卡名字不可以更改，若配置信息里没有DEVICE，则添加一个

宿主机ping虚拟机ip

C:\Users\Administrator>ping 192.168.9.134	正在 Ping 192.168.9.134 具有 32 字节的数据:	来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	来自 192.168.9.134 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	192.168.9.134 的 Ping 统计信息:		数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，	往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):		最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0msC:\Users\Administrator>ping 192.168.9.139	正在 Ping 192.168.9.139 具有 32 字节的数据:	来自 192.168.9.139 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	来自 192.168.9.139 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	来自 192.168.9.139 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	来自 192.168.9.139 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64	192.168.9.139 的 Ping 统计信息:		数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，	往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):		最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0ms

查看网卡是否连接

[root@localhost ~]# mii-tool eno16777736	eno16777736: negotiated 1000baseT-FD flow-control, link ok[root@localhost ~]# mii-tool eno16777736:0	eno16777736:0: negotiated 1000baseT-FD flow-control, link ok

有些版本不支持，可以使用下面的命令查看

[root@localhost ~]# ethtool eno16777736	Settings for eno16777736:		Supported ports: [ TP ]		Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 								100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 								1000baseT/Full 		Supported pause frame use: No		Supports auto-negotiation: Yes		Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 								100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 								1000baseT/Full 		Advertised pause frame use: No		Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes		Speed: 1000Mb/s		Duplex: Full		Port: Twisted Pair		PHYAD: 0		Transceiver: internal		Auto-negotiation: on		MDI-X: off (auto)		Supports Wake-on: d		Wake-on: d		Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)					   drv probe link		Link detected: yes

更改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname	localhost.localdomain[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname linux001[root@localhost ~]# hostname	linux001[root@localhost ~]# bash[root@linux001 ~]# [root@linux001 ~]# exit[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname 	linux001[root@localhost ~]# logout
Last login: Tue Nov 28 06:41:02 2017 from 192.168.9.1[root@linux001 ~]#

DNS配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManagernameserver 119.29.29.29nameserver 114.114.114.114

在网卡的配置文件中定义的

/etc/hosts

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts	127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4	::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

配置lnmp访问自定义域名

[root@localhost ~]# ping www.qq.com	PING www.qq.com (120.198.201.156) 56(84) bytes of data.	64 bytes from 120.198.201.156: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=13.1 ms	64 bytes from 120.198.201.156: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=20.3 ms	64 bytes from 120.198.201.156: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=25.7 ms	^C	--- www.qq.com ping statistics ---	3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 13.105/19.734/25.731/5.175 ms[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts	127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4	::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6	192.168.9.134   www.qq.com[root@localhost ~]# ping www.qq.com	PING www.qq.com (192.168.9.134) 56(84) bytes of data.	64 bytes from www.qq.com (192.168.9.134): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.018 ms	64 bytes from www.qq.com (192.168.9.134): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms	64 bytes from www.qq.com (192.168.9.134): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms	^C	--- www.qq.com ping statistics ---	3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms	rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.018/0.034/0.044/0.011 ms

只对本机生效，一个ip可以对应多个域名，hosts解析是先解析的优先级高，以先出现的记录为主，从上到下依次执行的，一旦匹配到一个域名就直接解析了，即使后面再出现这域名也不生效

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3892756/blog/3056539

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